Urine test
A urine test aims to examine the various components of urine produced by the kidneys. Urine contains a lot of substances that are waste products, and that change with the change of foods, fluids, medications, and other nutrients that a person consumes.
Through urine examination, the laboratory analyzes the various urine compounds through a simple laboratory chemical examination, and the following parameters are examined: color, clarity, concentration, acidity level, sugar levels, albumin, presence of white blood cells, and red blood cells.
When is the examination performed?
Urinalysis is performed in the following cases:
- Suspicion of a disease or infection in the urinary tract or kidneys.
The appearance of some symptoms, such as: high body temperature, pain in the flanks, or the appearance of drops of blood in the urine.
Assessment of the severity of diseases that affect the kidneys: such as: diabetes, high blood pressure, and kidney stones.
The at-risk category
- There is no special category for this examination.
- Related diseases
The following are the most important diseases related to the examination:
- Urinary tract infection.
- Kidney infection.
- Drought.
- Kidney stones.
- diabetes mellitus;
- Hypertension.
- Benign or malignant tumors of the urinary tract or kidneys.
- Chronic inflammation of the urinary bladder (Cystitis).
- Autoimmune diseases that affect the kidneys.
How to perform the examination
The urine test is performed in the following steps:
You should avoid eating foods that change the color of the urine before the examination, such as: beetroot.
The patient is given a small cup to put the urine sample into.
Hands should be washed thoroughly in order to reduce the chances of contamination of the sample with various contaminants, and the genitals should be cleaned with a clean rag before giving the sample.
If covered, the lid of the cup should be lifted, and the cup should be placed so that its opening is at the top.
You should urinate normally at first and without collecting urine in the cup for two or three seconds, after which you should urinate into the cup.
Carefully close the beaker, without touching the sample itself, and return the beaker to the laboratory.
Analysis of the results
The results of the urine analysis arrive from the laboratory after several hours in the form of a list detailing the data that was examined, as follows:
1. urine color
- The results will be as follows:
- Light yellow: the result is correct.
- Red: blood in the urine.
- Dark yellow: dry conditions.
2. Serenity
- The result will be as follows:
- Clear urine: the result is correct.
- Turbidity of urine: Indicates the presence of a urinary tract infection.
4. Acidity level
Normal urine is acidic, if urine is alkaline, this suggests dehydration and vomiting.
5. protein level
Normally, there should not be albumin in the urine, and the presence of albumin in the urine may indicate kidney disease or preeclampsia.
6. Glucose level
In the normal situation, the urine is not supposed to be sugar at all. If there is sugar in the urine, other tests recommended by the doctor should be performed.
7. Ketones
Normally, ketones are not supposed to be present in the urine at all, if they are, the cause must be ascertained.
8. The presence of white blood cells
Normally, there are no cells in the urine, and their presence indicates the presence of a urinary tract infection.
